GERMAN LETTER   ENGLISH PHONETIC SUBSTITUTE     EXAMPLE
V               F                               Vetterman = Fetterman
W               V                               Weiss = Veiss
P               B                               Probst = Brobst
J               Y                               Jost = Yost
D               T                               Diehlman = Tilghman
                                                Dries = Trease/Treese
T               D                               Tesch = Desch
                                                Lautenschlager = Laudenslager
                                                Gut = Good
D,T             TH (no 'th' sound in German)    Deobald = Theobald = Tibald
SCH             S                               Lautenschlager = Laudenslager
G               CH or CK (for harder form)      Glogge = Gloche = Glocke
G               K                               Glock = Klock
G               Y (for softer form)             Goder = Yoder
                                                Boger = Boyer
H               J                               Han = Jon
Z               S                               Zeller = Seller
K               C                               Konrad = Conrad
GERMAN UNUSUAL LETTERS      INTERCHANGED IN ENGLISH WITH
B with tail                 SS
A umlauted                  AE
O umlauted                  OE
U umlauted                  UE
GERMAN SCRIPT LETTERS       CONFUSED WITH
K                           R (and vice versa)
SCH                         PF or SH
H                           F or L
GERMAN NAME                 ENGLISH TRANSLATED VERSION AND SPELLING
Duerr                       Dry
Fuchs                       Fox
Jaeger                      Hunter
Kirchner                    Churchman
Koch			    Cook	
Schwartz                    Black
Zimmerman                   Carpenter
JUST PLAIN READING THE SCRIPT WRONG IN TRANSCRIPTION DUE TO POOR HANDWRITING
S for L and vice versa. Example: Saudenslager for Laudenslager.
R for K and vice versa. Example: Rerchner for Kerchner.
H for K and vice versa. Example: Herchner for Kerchner.
Review, and order on-line if desired, the following research books
in association with Amazon.com.
German-English Genealogical Dictionary, by Ernest Thode
German-American Names, by George F. Jones
Dictionary of German Names, by Hans Bahlow, translated by Edna Gentry
 Some other good genealogical research books:
If I Can You Can Decipher Germanic Records, by Edna Bentz
Evidence!: Citation & Analysis for the Family Historian, by Elizabeth Mills
German Church Books: Beyond Basics, by Kenneth L. Smith
PA German Naming Customs
PA Dutch Are Of German Heritage, Not Dutch
PA German Nicknames
Genealogy Research Tips
1812 Project Home Page
Kerchner Genetic Genealogy DNA Testing Info & Resource Page
Kerchner Genealogy Home Page
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Charles F. Kerchner, Jr.
Copyright ©1996-2023
Charles F. Kerchner, Jr.
All Rights Reserved
Created - 01 Oct 1996
Revised - 12 Jul 2023